本次的示例是一个简单的加减法程序:
当程序被关闭后,在开启之后会读取之前的数据,载入程序当中。数据不会丢失(主要使用AndroidViewModel)
AndroidViewModel 是ViewModel的一个子类,可以直接调用getApplication(),由此来访问应用的全局资源
public class MyViewModel extends AndroidViewModel { 直接继承自AndroidViewModel
然后在 MyViewModel 这个类中,可以直接用 getApplication()这个方法,访问全局资源文件
方法:
getApplication().getResources().getString(R.string.XXX);
通过 SavedStateHandle 与 LiveData 配合 自动更新控件数据
通过 SharedPreferences 对数据进行 持久化 存储!关机后再开机,之前数据状态还会显示
程序代码如下:
MyViewModel.java
1 package com.example.viewmodelshp; 2 3 import android.app.Application; 4 import android.content.Context; 5 import android.content.SharedPreferences; 6 7 import androidx.annotation.NonNull; 8 import androidx.lifecycle.AndroidViewModel; 9 import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData;10 import androidx.lifecycle.SavedStateHandle;11 12 @SuppressWarnings("ConstantConditions")13 public class MyViewModel extends AndroidViewModel { //继承Android 的 ViewModel 可直接访问getApplication14 private SavedStateHandle handle;15 private String key = getApplication().getResources().getString(R.string.data_key);16 private String shpname = getApplication().getResources().getString(R.string.shp_name);17 18 public MyViewModel(@NonNull Application application, SavedStateHandle handle) {19 super(application);20 this.handle = handle;21 if (!handle.contains(key)) {22 load();23 }24 }25 26 public LiveData<Integer> getNumber() {27 return handle.getLiveData(key);28 }29 30 //读取操作31 private void load() {32 SharedPreferences shp = getApplication().getSharedPreferences(shpname, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);33 int x = shp.getInt(key, 0);34 handle.set(key, x);35 }36 37 void save() {38 SharedPreferences shp = getApplication().getSharedPreferences(shpname, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);39 SharedPreferences.Editor editor = shp.edit();40 editor.putInt(key, getNumber().getValue() == null ? 0 : getNumber().getValue());41 editor.apply();42 }43 44 public void add(int x) {45 handle.set(key, getNumber().getValue() == null ? 0 : getNumber().getValue() + x);46 //保存操作 当程序被杀死也会从新读取 不会频繁变动 比较好 频繁则消耗时间47 //save();48 }49 50 51 // Application application;52 // Context context;53 }
MainActivity.java
1 package com.example.viewmodelshp; 2 3 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; 4 import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil; 5 import androidx.lifecycle.SavedStateVMFactory; 6 import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProviders; 7 import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProviders; 8 import android.os.Bundle; 9 import com.example.viewmodelshp.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;10 11 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {12 MyViewModel myViewModel;13 ActivityMainBinding binding;14 15 @Override16 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {17 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);18 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);19 // myViewModel.application = getApplication();20 // myViewModel.context =getApplicationContext();21 binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main);22 myViewModel= ViewModelProviders.of(this,new SavedStateVMFactory(this)).get(MyViewModel.class);23 // myViewModel= new ViewModelProvider(this,new SavedStateViewModelFactory(this)).get(MyViewModel.class);24 binding.setData(myViewModel);25 binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);26 }27 28 @Override29 protected void onPause() {30 super.onPause();31 //存储 数据可靠 不会频繁操作 但是如果手机突然死机或者没电会丢失数据
32 myViewModel.save();33 }34 35 //不一定会被呼叫 还有 ondestory36 @Override37 protected void onStop() {38 super.onStop();39 }40 }
代码注释找到了一个比较好前辈学习,认识到自学有很多的不足:
https://www.cnblogs.com/gfwei/p/11781166.html
在视频中根据规范要求,将各个组件的名称命名如下:
1 <resources>2 <string name="app_name">ViewModelSHP</string>3 <string name="button_plus"> + </string>4 <string name="button_minus"> - </string>5 <string name="data_key">DATA_KEY</string>6 <string name="shp_name">SHP_NAME</string>7 </resources>
databing 类型的xml
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 3 xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" 4 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"> 5 6 <data> 7 <variable 8 name="data" 9 type="com.example.viewmodelshp.MyViewModel" />10 </data>11 12 <!-- variable data 自定义的变量,type 是它的类型 -->13 14 15 <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout16 android:layout_width="match_parent"17 android:layout_height="match_parent"18 tools:context=".MainActivity">19 20 <Button21 android:id="@+id/button2"22 android:layout_width="wrap_content"23 android:layout_height="wrap_content"24 android:onClick="@{()->data.add(-1)}"25 android:text="@string/button_minus"26 app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"27 app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"28 app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.761"29 app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"30 app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"31 app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.477" />32 <!-- {()->data.add(-1)} 调用一个函数的格式 -->33 34 <TextView35 android:id="@+id/textView"36 android:layout_width="wrap_content"37 android:layout_height="wrap_content"38 android:text="@{String.valueOf(data.getNumber)}"39 android:textSize="30sp"40 app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"41 app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"42 app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"43 app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"44 app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.3"45 tools:text="100" />46 47 <Button48 android:id="@+id/button"49 android:layout_width="wrap_content"50 android:layout_height="wrap_content"51 android:onClick="@{()->data.add(1)}"52 android:text="@string/button_plus"53 app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"54 app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"55 app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.244"56 app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"57 app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"58 app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.477" />59 60 </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>61 </layout>