MySQL 的安装方式一般分为三种，二进制版本、编译版本、RPM 包。比较常见的是二进制版本安装，方便简单，相对于编译安装，如果不是追求极致性能，使用起来差别不大。本次教程以二进制版本为例，系统为 centos6.8，MySQL 版本为5.7.20。
先去官网下载二进制安装包，进入官网下载页面 mysql下载页面，点击下载 5.7.20 二进制 64 位版本
下载完成，把安装包移到目标 Linux 下
yum install libaio numactl -ygroupadd mysqluseradd -m -r -g mysql mysql我们一般使用 mysql 用户启动数据库，如果不设置文件打开数和进程数，后期会有问题
打开 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，在文件末尾写上
mysql soft nproc 65536mysql hard nproc 65536mysql soft nofile 65536mysql hard nofile 65536打开 /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf 把参数调整为
* soft nproc 65536root soft nproc unlimited* soft nofile 65536root soft nofile unlimited如果不设置 hosts 本机解析，偶然会出现一些诡异的问题，所以还是加上比较好
host_ip=$(ifconfig | grep inet | grep cast | awk ‘{print $2}‘ | awk -F: ‘{print $NF}‘ | head -1)echo "$host_ip `hostname`" >> /etc/hosts时间同步对于数据库来说非常重要，请保证所有数据库节点时间是一致的
yum install -y ntpservice ntpd start数据库一般不允许通外网，如果对防火墙不是很熟悉，可以关掉; 如果网络环境不够安全，可以开启
service iptables stopchkconfig iptables offselinux 可能会造成无法写入数据，如果对它不熟悉，建议关掉
查看 selinux 状态
getenforce临时关闭
setenforce 0永久关闭
打开 /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled
这次安装数据目录为 /data/mysql_db/，日志目录为 /data/mysql_log/，实例名为 mysql_test，启动用户为 mysql
把二进制文件解压出来，放到 /user/local/ 目录下
tar -xvzf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gzmv mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql57如果想要全局访问到 mysql 客户端，可以把 /usr/local/mysql57/bin 加入系统路径，我这里采取直接创建软连接的方式
ln -s /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysqlln -s /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/mysqlbinlogmkdir -p /data/mysql_db/mysql_testmkdir -p /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test --user=mysql/usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test正常输出
[root@mysql-test ~]# /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test --user=mysql2018-06-03T05:19:31.469841Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2018-06-03T05:19:32.525091Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=457902018-06-03T05:19:32.751099Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2018-06-03T05:19:32.861647Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b2d883be-66ed-11e8-bd72-90b11c1a653a.2018-06-03T05:19:32.877177Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed‘ cannot be opened.2018-06-03T05:19:32.877705Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.[root@mysql-test ~]# /usr/local/mysql57/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_testGenerating a 2048 bit RSA private key............................................................................+++....+++writing new private key to ‘ca-key.pem‘-----Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key......................................+++...........................+++writing new private key to ‘server-key.pem‘-----Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key..............................................................................+++..................................................+++writing new private key to ‘client-key.pem‘-----一台机器上有可能会存在多个 MySQL 实例，我们可以把 my.cnf 文件放到对应实例的数据目录下，由于 MySQL 会受到默认配置文件的影响，所以我们要把 /etc/my.cnf 移走, 然后创建新的 my.cnf 文件
rm -f /etc/my.cnfvim /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/my.cnf本次安装参考配置，具体参数结合服务器情况调整
# my.cnf[client]port = 3306default-character-set =utf8socket = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.sock[mysqld]datadir = /data/mysql_db/mysql_testbasedir = /usr/local/mysql57tmpdir = /tmpsocket = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.sockpid-file = /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.pidskip-external-locking = 1skip-name-resolve = 1port = 3306server_id = 1default-storage-engine = InnoDBcharacter-set-server = utf8default_password_lifetime=0#### log ####binlog_cache_size = 16Mlog_bin = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-binlog_bin_index = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-bin.indexbinlog_format = rowexpire_logs_days = 15relay_log_recovery=ONrelay_log=/data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-relay-binrelay_log_index=/data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-relay-bin.indexlog_error = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-error.loglog_queries_not_using_indexes = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/nouseindex.logslow_query_log = 1long_query_time = 1slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/mysql-slow.log#### innodb ####innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4Ginnodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/innodb_undo_directory = /data/mysql_log/mysql_test/innodb_undo_logs = 128innodb_flush_neighbors = 1innodb_log_file_size = 1Ginnodb_file_per_table = on bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size = 64Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size = 1Gmyisam_repair_threads = 1log_timestamps=system[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 64M[myisamchk]key_buffer_size = 32Msort_buffer_size = 32Mread_buffer = 16Mwrite_buffer = 16Mcp /usr/local/mysql57/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld-testvim /etc/init.d/mysqld-test把
basedir=datadir=lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &改为, 手动指定配置文件和数据目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57datadir=/data/mysql_db/mysql_testdefault_file=/data/mysql_db/mysql_test/my.cnflock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql-test"$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$default_file" --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &把数据目录的所有者改为 mysql
chown mysql.mysql /etc/init.d/mysqld-test chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql*们以 mysql 用户来启动
su - mysql[mysql@chengqm ~]$ /etc/init.d/mysqld-test startStarting MySQL.. SUCCESS!进入 mysql 客户端
mysql -S /data/mysql_db/mysql_test/mysql.sock到此，MySQL 已经成功安装并启动, 后续可以修改密码. 如果有报错，查看错误日志，根据具体报错信息进行修改。如果报错日志里面什么也没有，可能是配置文件有问题，或者读到了默认配置。
