微軟的 ASP.NET Web API 框架,能以 RESTful 輕量級的架構風格,建立 HTTP 服務,讓多種不同的用戶端,如: 手機、平板、電腦(PC),透過 HTTP 的 GET、POST、PUT、DELETE 方法來「存取(访问)」服務。
而 jQuery Mobile 框架,設計的目標,是希望能統一,市面上常見的手機、平板...等各種行動裝置。其特性如下:
本文提供一個可執行的範例下載,用 HTML 網頁 + jQuery Mobile,呼叫(调用) ASP.NET Web API 上的服務。
範例裡的 ASP.NET Web API 專案(project;项目),已透過 NuGet 安裝 CORS (Cross Origin Resource Sharing, 跨原始資源共用) [4]。
架構如下圖 1,執行畫面如下圖 2、圖 3。
圖 1 本文程式範例的架構
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本文的程式範例下載:
https://files.cnblogs.com/files/WizardWu/190223.zip
Client-side: Index.html、Details.html
Server-side: ASP.NET Web API
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圖 2 本文範例 Index.html 的執行畫面
圖 3 本文範例 Details.html 的執行畫面
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <title>Index</title> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> 6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://code.jquery.com/mobile/1.2.0/jquery.mobile-1.2.0.min.css" /> 7 <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script> 8 <script src="http://code.jquery.com/mobile/1.2.0/jquery.mobile-1.2.0.min.js"></script> 9 <script>10 $(document).on(‘pageinit‘, "#Page1", createEmployee);11 12 function createEmployee() {13 var IpAndPort = "http://192.168.0.10:8012"; //欲呼叫的 WebAPI 網址14 15 //$.getJSON("/api/EmployeesAPI",16 $.getJSON(IpAndPort + "/api/EmployeeAPI",17 function (data) {18 //先清空 ListView 容器的內容19 $("#listviewContainer").empty();20 21 //「動態」建立 ListView 主標籤22 $lv = $("<ul/>");23 24 $.each(data, function (key, val) {25 //建立超連結,位址指定到 Details 並帶參數「員工ID」過去26 $anchorDetails = $("<a>");27 $anchorDetails.attr("href", "Details.html?ID=" + val.ID);28 29 //Ajax 要關掉。不然到 create 不能 Run pageinit30 $anchorDetails.attr("data-ajax", "false");31 $anchorDetails.text(val.Name + ", " + val.Age + "歲, " + val.Department);32 33 //建立刪除用的第二組超連結。按下去會呼叫 deleteEmoloyee 方法,並傳參數 ID (刪除功能,尚未實作)34 $anchorDel = $("<a>");35 $anchorDel.attr("onclick", "deleteEmployee(" + val.ID + ")");36 $anchorDel.attr("data-icon", "delete");37 38 //I: append: 小括號內的物件,附加到前方物件39 //將超連結標籤,附加到 li 裡面,再附加到 ul40 $("<li/>").append($anchorDetails).append($anchorDel).appendTo($lv);41 });42 43 //將 ListView主標籤,附加至容器 listviewContainer44 $lv.appendTo("#listviewContainer");45 46 //全部元素附加完後,呼叫 ListView 的 plugin,以動態產生 ListView47 $lv.listview();48 }49 )50 }51 52 function deleteEmployee(id) {53 alert("刪除功能,尚未實作");54 }55 </script>56 </head>57 <body>58 <div data-role="page" id="Page1">59 <div data-role="header" data-theme="d">60 <h1>jQuery Mobile</h1>61 <h1>人事系統</h1>62 </div>63 <div data-role="content">64 <a href="#" data-icon="plus" data-ajax="false" data-role="button">新增員工</a>65 <br />66 <div id="listviewContainer"></div>67 </div>68 <div data-role="footer" data-theme="d">69 <h1>Copyright@2019 WizardWu公司</h1>70 <h1>All Rights Reserved</h1>71 </div>72 </div>73 </body>74 </html>
Client-side: Index.html
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html> 3 <head> 4 <title>Details</title> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> 6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://code.jquery.com/mobile/1.2.0/jquery.mobile-1.2.0.min.css" /> 7 <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.8.3.min.js"></script> 8 <script> 9 $(document).on(‘pageinit‘,"#Page1", function () {10 //var id = @ViewBag.id;11 var IpAndPort = "http://192.168.0.10:8012"; //欲呼叫的 WebAPI 網址12 13 $.getJSON(IpAndPort + "/api/EmployeeAPI/" + window.location.search.substr(4),14 function (data) {15 $("<li/>").text("編號 : " + data.ID).appendTo("#listviewContainer");16 $("<li/>").text("姓名 : " + data.Name).appendTo("#listviewContainer");17 $("<li/>").text("年齡 : " + data.Age).appendTo("#listviewContainer");18 $("<li/>").text("部門 : " + data.Department).appendTo("#listviewContainer");19 $("#listviewContainer").listview();20 });21 });22 </script>23 <script src="http://code.jquery.com/mobile/1.2.0/jquery.mobile-1.2.0.min.js"></script>24 </head>25 <body>26 <div data-role="page" id="Page1">27 <div data-role="header" data-theme="d">28 <h1>jQuery Mobile</h1>29 <h1>人事系統</h1>30 <a data-rel="back">上一頁</a>31 </div>32 <div data-role="content">33 <ul id="listviewContainer">34 </ul>35 </div>36 <div data-role="footer" data-theme="d">37 <h1>Copyright@2019 WizardWu公司</h1>38 <h1>All Rights Reserved</h1>39 </div>40 </div>41 </body>42 </html>
Client-side: Details.html
1 using System.Web.Http.Cors; 2 using Server_AspNetWebAPI.Models; 3 4 namespace Server_AspNetWebAPI.Controllers 5 { 6 public class EmployeeAPIController : ApiController 7 { 8 static EmployeeRepository rep = new EmployeeRepository(); 9 10 // GET api/<controller>11 //要連接的 client 網址、port number12 //[EnableCors(origins: "http://192.168.0.10:8012", headers: "*", methods: "*")]13 [EnableCors(origins: "*", headers: "*", methods: "*")]14 [AcceptVerbs("GET", "POST")]15 public List<Employee> GetEmployees()16 { 17 return rep.GetEmployees();18 }19 20 // GET api/<controller>/521 [EnableCors(origins: "*", headers: "*", methods: "*")]22 [AcceptVerbs("GET", "POST")]23 public Employee GetEmployeeById(int id)24 {25 Employee emp = rep.GetEmployeeById(id);26 27 if (emp == null)28 {29 throw new HttpResponseException(30 System.Net.HttpStatusCode.NotFound);31 }32 33 return emp;34 }35 36 // POST api/<controller>37 [EnableCors(origins: "*", headers: "*", methods: "*")]38 [AcceptVerbs("POST")]39 public HttpResponseMessage CreateEmployee(Employee emp) //Post 新增40 {41 emp = rep.Add(emp);42 var response = Request.CreateResponse<Employee>(43 HttpStatusCode.Created, emp);44 45 string uri = Url.Link("DefaultApi", new { id = emp.ID });46 47 response.Headers.Location = new Uri(uri);48 return response;49 }50 51 // PUT api/<controller>/552 [EnableCors(origins: "*", headers: "*", methods: "*")]53 [AcceptVerbs("PUT")]54 public void EditEmployee(int id, Employee emp) //Put 修改55 {56 emp.ID = id;57 if (!rep.Update(emp))58 {59 throw new HttpResponseException(60 HttpStatusCode.NotFound);61 }62 }63 64 // DELETE api/<controller>/565 [EnableCors(origins: "*", headers: "*", methods: "*")]66 [AcceptVerbs("DELETE")]67 public HttpResponseMessage DeleteEmployee(int id) //Delete 刪除68 {69 rep.Delete(id);70 return new HttpResponseMessage(71 HttpStatusCode.NoContent);72 }73 }74 75 }
Server-side: ASP.NET Web API, EmployeeAPIController.cs
1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Web; 5 6 namespace Server_AspNetWebAPI.Models 7 { 8 public class EmployeeRepository 9 {10 List<Employee> emps = new List<Employee>();11 12 public EmployeeRepository()13 {14 Add(new Employee() { ID = 1, Name = "王小明", Age = 22, Department="業務部" });15 Add(new Employee() { ID = 2, Name = "李大華", Age = 33, Department = "資訊部" });16 Add(new Employee() { ID = 3, Name = "黃世傑", Age = 44, Department = "會計部" });17 }18 19 public List<Employee> GetEmployees()20 {21 return emps;22 }23 24 public Employee GetEmployeeById(int id)25 {26 //var emp = emps.FirstOrDefault(e => e.ID == id);27 //if (emp == null)28 // return System.Web.Http.Results.NotFoundResult();29 30 return emps.Find((x) => x.ID == id);31 }32 33 public Employee Add(Employee emp)34 {35 emps.Add(emp);36 return emp;37 }38 39 public void Delete(int id)40 {41 Employee emp = emps.Find((x) => x.ID == id);42 emps.Remove(emp);43 }44 45 public bool Update(Employee emp)46 {47 int idx = emps.FindIndex(x => x.ID == emp.ID);48 if (idx == -1) 49 return false;50 emps.RemoveAt(idx);51 emps.Add(emp);52 return true;53 }54 }55 }
Server-side: ASP.NET Web API, EmployeeRepository.cs
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再延伸改寫
若 Client-side 使用的網頁,是用 ASP.NET MVC 開發,其可自動偵測使用者的上網裝置,為電腦或手機 (可再細分 Android 或 iPhone 系統),再自動調用該裝置,專用的 View 檢視 (.cshtml)。
因為 ASP.NET MVC 已內建 Display Modes 功能,可從瀏覽器送出 Request Header 裡的 User-Agent 字串,判斷是從 PC、手機、iPhone、iPad、Android 裝置送出的請求,再自動調用該裝置的 View 檢視。
本文 Client-side 的範例,可依 ASP.NET MVC 此功能,再進一步改寫,架構如下圖 4。
圖 4 本文範例可再延伸改寫的架構
圖 5 ASP.NET MVC 可自動判斷是從 PC、手機,所送出的請求,再自動調用該裝置的 View 檢視
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參考書籍:
[1] 網頁程式設計 ASP.NET MVC 5.x 範例完美演繹 (繁體中文書籍), 作者:奚江華
ISBN 13 /9789864769292
ISBN 10 /9864769294
http://www.eslite.com/product.aspx?pgid=1001113692716652&kw=%e5%a5%9a%e6%b1%9f%e8%8f%af&pi=0
http://m.sanmin.com.tw/Product/index/006956107
[2] jQuery Mobile 與 ASP.NET 實戰開發:跨平台行動介面與網頁應用程式設計 (繁體中文書籍, 已絕版), 作者:許薰尹、周季賢, Ch 12
ISBN13:9789865912307
http://www.sanmin.com.tw/Product/index/003707391
[3] Sams Teach Yourself jQuery Mobile in 24 Hours
https://www.amazon.com/Teach-Yourself-jQuery-Mobile-Hours/dp/0672335948
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參考資料:
[4] Enable cross-origin requests in ASP.NET Web API 2
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/web-api/overview/security/enabling-cross-origin-requests-in-web-api
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