今天使用sqlalchemy往mysql数据库里插入数据的时候，发生了错误，因为字段包含中文，所以报错。在问题解决之后做一个总结。   mysql中文乱码包括几个方面。mysql服务器层面、mysql数据库层面、客户端层面、表层面。所以要解决mysql的中文乱码，需要从这几个层面入手。   1.在创建表的时候指定编码格式   创建测试用表，填充数据，插入中文报错

mysql> create table test( -> id int, -> name varchar(20), -> primary key(id) -> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)mysql> insert into test(id, name) values(1, "你好");ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: ‘\xC4\xE3\xBA\xC3‘ for column ‘name‘ at row 1

  查看表字符编码，可以看到字符编码是latin1

mysql> show create table test \G;*************************** 1. row *************************** Table: testCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `test` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘, `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin11 row in set (0.00 sec)

创建另一个测试用表，指定编码格式

mysql> CREATE TABLE XXX( -> `id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘, -> `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, -> PRIMARY KEY (`id`) -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf-8 -> ;mysql> insert into XXX(id, name) values(1, "你好");Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

  2.在创建数据库时指定编码格式

mysql> create database mydb character set utf8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

这样在mydb数据库里创建的表默认都是utf8格式的编码     3.在当前会话中更改编码格式   查看数据库编码

mysql> show variables like "%char%";+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| character_set_client | gbk || character_set_connection | gbk || character_set_database | latin1 || character_set_filesystem | binary || character_set_results | gbk || character_set_server | latin1 || character_set_system | utf8 || character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\share\charsets\ |+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改字符编码

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like "%char%";+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| character_set_client | gbk || character_set_connection | gbk || character_set_database | utf8 || character_set_filesystem | binary || character_set_results | gbk || character_set_server | utf8 || character_set_system | utf8 || character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\share\charsets\ |+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 
可以看到，在上面的命令起作用之后，character_set_server和character_set_database的编码格式都变成了utf8，也就是说，mysql服务器和数据库的字符编码都是utf8了。但是要注意的是这个命令只对当前的会话起作用。
 
4.修改my.ini配置文件，一劳永逸解决mysql中文乱码的问题
 
找到my.ini配置文件，windows系统下mysql的my.ini文件放在mysql安装目录的根目录下，做出下面的修改。

[mysqld]character-set-server=utf8collation-server=utf8_general_ci [mysql]default-character-set=utf8

重启mysql，进入mysql查看字符集

mysql> show variables like "%char%";+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+| character_set_client | gbk || character_set_connection | gbk || character_set_database | utf8 || character_set_filesystem | binary || character_set_results | gbk || character_set_server | utf8 || character_set_system | utf8 || character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\share\charsets\ |+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)