avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
10.43 0.00 1.51 1.51 0.00 86.56
Device:rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
sda 4477.00 9.00 951.00 13.00 24288.00 2492.00 55.56 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.92 0.17 16.00
%user :Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level (application).
%nice :Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level with nice priority.
Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred
while executing at the system level (kernel).
%iowait:Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during which the system had an outstanding disk I/O request.
%steal :Show the percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the virtual CPU or CPUs while the hypervisor was servicing another virtual processor.
%idle :Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the system did not have an outstanding disk I/O request.
即delta(wmerge)/s
即delta(rio)/s
间接导致svctm的添加。
await的大小一般取决于服务时间(svctm)以及I/O队列的长度和I/O请求的发出模式。假设svctm比較接近await,说明I/O差点儿没有等待时间;假设await远大于svctm,说明I/O队列太长。应用得到的响应时间变慢,假设响应时间超过了用户能够容许的范围,这时能够考虑更换更快的磁盘,调整内核elevator算法,优化应用,或者升级CPU